A cikin 1880, Edison mai ƙirƙira Ba'amurke ya ƙirƙira babban janareta na DC mai suna "The Colossus", wanda aka nuna a baje kolin Paris a 1881.
edison uban kai tsaye
A sa'i daya kuma, ana ci gaba da bunkasa injin lantarkin.Generator da mota ayyuka ne daban-daban guda biyu na inji ɗaya.Yin amfani da shi azaman na'urar fitarwa ta yanzu shine janareta, kuma amfani dashi azaman na'urar samar da wutar lantarki shine injin.
An tabbatar da wannan ka'ida mai jujjuyawa na injin lantarki kwatsam a shekara ta 1873. A wani baje kolin masana'antu a Vienna a wannan shekara, wani ma'aikaci ya yi kuskure kuma ya haɗa waya zuwa na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta Gram.An gano cewa rotor na janareta ya canza alkibla kuma nan da nan ya tafi akasin haka.Alƙawarin yana juyawa ya zama motar motsa jiki.Tun daga wannan lokacin, mutane sun fahimci cewa za a iya amfani da motar DC a matsayin janareta da kuma abin da zai iya jujjuyawa na motar.Wannan binciken da ba a zato ya yi tasiri sosai kan ƙira da kera motar.
Tare da haɓakar samar da wutar lantarki da fasahar samar da wutar lantarki, ƙira da kera motoci kuma suna ƙara zama cikakke.A cikin shekarun 1890, injinan DC suna da duk manyan fasalulluka na injinan DC na zamani.Ko da yake an yi amfani da injin DC ɗin sosai kuma ya samar da fa'idodin tattalin arziƙi a cikin aikace-aikacen, gazawar nasa yana taƙaita ci gaba.Wato ba zai iya magance watsa wutar lantarki mai nisa ba, haka kuma ba zai iya magance matsalar canjin wutar lantarki ba, don haka injinan AC sun yi saurin bunƙasa.
A cikin wannan lokaci, motoci masu hawa biyu da injinan hawa uku sun fito daya bayan daya.A shekara ta 1885, masanin kimiyyar lissafi dan Italiya Galileo Ferraris ya ba da shawarar ka'idar jujjuyawar filin maganadisu kuma ya ɓullo da samfurin asynchronous mai hawa biyu.A shekara ta 1886, Nikola Tesla, wanda ya koma Amurka, shi ma ya ƙera motar asynchronous mai hawa biyu da kansa.A shekara ta 1888, injiniyan lantarki na Rasha Dolivo Dobrovolsky ya yi motar AC guda uku na squirrel cage asynchronous motor.Bincike da haɓaka injinan AC, musamman nasarar haɓaka injinan AC mai hawa uku, ya haifar da yanayin watsa wutar lantarki mai nisa, kuma a lokaci guda ya inganta fasahar lantarki zuwa wani sabon mataki.
Tesla, uban alternating current
Kusan 1880, Ferranti na Biritaniya ya inganta madaidaicin kuma ya ba da shawarar ra'ayin watsa babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na AC.A shekara ta 1882, Gordon a Ingila ya samar da wani babban canji mai kashi biyu.A cikin 1882, Gorand Bafaranshe da Bature John Gibbs sun sami takardar shaidar "Hanyar Rarraba Haske da Wutar Lantarki", kuma sun sami nasarar ƙera tafsiri na farko tare da ƙimar aiki.kayan aiki mafi mahimmanci.Daga baya, Westinghouse ya inganta aikin Gibbs transformer, wanda ya mai da shi taransfoma mai aiki na zamani.A shekara ta 1891, Blow ya yi wani na'ura mai sarrafa wutar lantarki da ke nutsar da mai a kasar Switzerland, sannan daga baya ya kera wata katuwar taswirar wutar lantarki.Tashar wutar lantarki ta AC mai tsayi mai nisa ta sami babban ci gaba saboda ci gaba da inganta na'urar taswira.
Bayan fiye da shekaru 100 na ci gaba, da ka'idar da mota kanta ya quite balagagge.Koyaya, tare da haɓaka injiniyoyin lantarki, kimiyyar kwamfuta da fasahar sarrafawa, haɓakar injin ya shiga wani sabon mataki.Daga cikin su, samar da injin sarrafa saurin AC shine ya fi daukar ido, amma ba a dade da yada shi da amfani da shi ba saboda an gane shi ne ta hanyar abubuwan da aka gyara da na'urori masu juyawa, kuma aikin sarrafawa ba shi da kyau kamar haka. na tsarin saurin DC.
Bayan 1970s, bayan da aka gabatar da na'urar canza wutar lantarki, an magance matsalolin rage kayan aiki, rage girman, rage farashi, inganta inganci, da kawar da hayaniya a hankali, kuma tsarin saurin AC ya sami ci gaba.Bayan ƙirƙira na sarrafa vector, an inganta a tsaye da ƙarfin aiki na tsarin sarrafa saurin AC.Bayan yin amfani da sarrafa microcomputer, ana gano tsarin sarrafa vector ta hanyar software don daidaita da'irar kayan aiki, ta yadda za a rage farashi da inganta amincin, kuma yana yiwuwa a ƙara fahimtar fasahar sarrafawa mai rikitarwa.Ci gaba da sauri na kayan lantarki da fasahar sarrafa microcomputer shine ƙarfin motsa jiki don ci gaba da sabunta tsarin sarrafa saurin AC.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da saurin haɓakar abubuwan da ba a taɓa gani ba na duniya dindindin na kayan maganadisu da haɓaka fasahar lantarki, injin maganadisu na dindindin sun sami babban ci gaba.Motoci da janareta masu amfani da kayan maganadisu na dindindin na NdFeB an yi amfani da su sosai, kama daga motsin jirgi zuwa famfunan jini na wucin gadi.An riga an yi amfani da manyan injina don samar da wutar lantarki da kuma tura jiragen kasa da jiragen ruwa na maglev masu sauri.
Tare da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, haɓaka aikin albarkatun ƙasa da haɓaka aikin masana'antu, ana samar da injinan tare da dubun dubatar iri da ƙayyadaddun bayanai, matakan iko masu girma dabam (daga ƴan miliyoyi kaɗan. watt zuwa fiye da 1000MW), kuma mai fadi da sauri.Range (daga kwanaki da yawa zuwa dubun dubatar juyi a cikin minti daya), saurin daidaita yanayin muhalli mai sassauƙa (kamar lebur ƙasa, tudu, iska, ƙarƙashin ruwa, mai, yankin sanyi, yanki mai tsauri, riguna masu zafi, busassun wurare masu zafi, cikin gida, waje, Motoci). , jiragen ruwa, kafofin watsa labaru daban-daban, da dai sauransu), don biyan bukatun sassa daban-daban na tattalin arzikin kasa da rayuwar bil'adama.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-04-2023
